Stem cells are special cells that can turn into many different cell types in the body such as heart muscle cells, brain cells, and skin cells. Stem cells taken from embryos that are just a few days old, can turn into any of the 300 different types of cell that make up the adult body.
Embryonic stem cells can be taken from spare human embryos left over from fertility treatments, or from cloned human embryos developed in the laboratory. This can only occur if fully informed consent has been obtained from the donors. One method for making cloned embryos is called nuclear transfer. During this process, genetic material or DNA from a donor is inserted into an empty egg cell.
Stem cells for therapeutic use can be obtained from three potential sources:
-Embryonic
-Umbilical Cord Blood
-Certain Adult Tissues
In future it is hoped that stem cells could be used to treat and cure a variety of diseases and injuries including Parkinson's disease, stroke and diabetes.Because stem cells are so versatile, they could potentially be used to repair and replace damaged human tissue.
There are two kinds of stem cells:
-Embryonic Stem Cells :cells found early in the development of an embryo that can progenerate a developing fetus and ultimately a human baby
-Adult Stem Cells:Adult stem cells are found in the human body and in umbilical cord blood. The most well known source of adult stem cells in the body is bone marrow but they are also found in many organs and tissues.
There is some evidence suggesting that adult stem cells also have this ability. An adult stem cell that has been assigned to become a vascular system cell may, in fact, reassign to become a kind of nerve cell under the right conditions. This has not yet been proven conclusively.
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